Specific uses are as follows:

1. Automotive Exhaust Treatment

• The primary application is installing catalytic converters in gasoline, diesel, and hybrid vehicles to treat harmful emissions from the engine.

• Converts:

• Carbon monoxide (CO) → to carbon dioxide (CO₂)

• Hydrocarbons (HC) → to water (H₂O) and carbon dioxide

• Nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) → to nitrogen (N₂)

2.  Complying with Environmental Regulations

• Used in vehicles that meet Euro V, Euro VI, and China VI emission standards.

• A key component for passing annual vehicle inspections and obtaining environmental certification.

3. Industrial Exhaust Treatment

• Catalytic converters are also used in some factories, combustion boilers, and diesel generator sets to purify industrial exhaust gases. 4.  Laboratory Gas Purification

• Small catalytic converters are also used in some laboratory equipment (such as gas chromatograph exhaust systems) to purify exhaust gases.

5. Preventing Catalyst Poisoning or Fire Risks

• Some catalytic converters also have protective functions, such as protecting the engine or other exhaust system components by controlling temperature or preventing the accumulation of toxic substances.